HPAPI yog dab tsi?

HPAPI yog dab tsi?

Cov khoom xyaw tshuaj muaj zog siab (HPAPIs) feem ntau txhais tau tias yog cov khoom xyaw tshuaj nrog kev txwv kev ua haujlwm (OELs) tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 10 micrograms ib cubic meter (µg / m³) ntawm huab cua raws li yim teev lub sij hawm-hnyav nruab nrab ( TWB).

Cov tebchaw no yog siv los tsim cov tshuaj thiab siv rau hauv kev kho mob rau ntau hom qog noj ntshav. Txawm li cas los xij, vim lawv qhov muaj zog thiab muaj kuab lom, kev tuav thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm HPAPIs thiab lawv cov intermediates yuav tsum tau siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thiab cov thev naus laus zis hauv ib puag ncig tswj kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, ib puag ncig, thiab cov khoom zoo.

Kev tsim thiab tuav HPAPIs

Kev tsim cov HPAPIs suav nrog ntau cov kauj ruam nyuaj, los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj nquag (API) mus rau qhov kawg ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj. Thaum lub sij hawm cov kauj ruam no, cov tebchaw yog raug rau ntau yam tshuaj thiab lub cev cov txheej txheem, uas yuav ua tau nyob rau hauv lub creation ntawm txaus ntshai intermediates, byproducts, thiab residuals.

Txhawm rau kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev tsim thiab siv cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb tsim nyog thiab muab cov neeg ua haujlwm nrog kev cob qhia kom raug, kev tiv thaiv iav, kev saib xyuas thiab kev tswj xyuas, kev tswj cov khib nyiab, thiab kev ntsuas kub ceev, nrog rau kev siv engineering. thiab kev tswj xyuas.

Containment technologies

Containment technologies ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txo qis qhov kis tau rau HPAPIs. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv yog tiv thaiv kev tso tawm cov khoom phom sij rau hauv ib puag ncig, thiab tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm los ntawm kev txwv tsis pub nqus pa, noj, lossis kev sib cuag ntawm daim tawv nqaij nrog cov tshuaj no.

Muaj ntau ntau hom kev siv thev naus laus zis, xws li los ntawm qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws mus rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws, suav nrog:

-Fume hoods
- Cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg kev nyab xeeb
- Kev cais tawm
- Cov hnab looj tes
- Containment suites

Fume hoods muab lub cev thaiv lub cev uas cais tus neeg siv los ntawm qhov sib xyaw thiab tso cov pa paug tawm mus rau sab nraud. Cov cuab yeej siv no yooj yim siv, tab sis lawv muaj kev tiv thaiv tsis pub muaj cov pa phem, thiab lawv tsis tiv thaiv kev tso pa tawm los yog vapors.

Cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg muaj kev nyab xeeb zoo ib yam li cov fume hoods tab sis muab cov txheej txheem ntxiv ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev sib kis, vim lawv muab lub cev tsis muaj zog, HEPA lim, thiab cov cua ntws uas tiv thaiv kev tsim cov aerosol thiab txo cov kab mob sib kis.

Isolators yog lub kaw lus kaw uas muab qhov chaw kaw tag nrho, thiab tso cai rau kev tuav HPAPIs hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev lossis hauv qab roj inert. Lawv feem ntau yog siv rau kev ua haujlwm siab thiab xav tau kev cob qhia tshwj xeeb thiab kev saib xyuas.

Cov hnab looj tes muab ib qho kev thaiv ntawm tus neeg siv thiab cov khoom sib txuas, thiab muaj cov hnab looj tes uas tso cai rau kev tswj xyuas qhov sib xyaw ua ke thaum tswj xyuas kev ncaj ncees ntawm lub thawv. Lawv feem ntau yog siv rau kev ua haujlwm uas tsis tas yuav tsum muaj kev tswj hwm qib siab.

Containment suites yog tsim los muab qhov chaw tswj hwm rau kev tuav HPAPIs thiab tau nruab nrog ntau yam kev tswj hwm thiab huab cua tuav, suav nrog HEPA lim, airlocks, tsis zoo siab, thiab kev saib xyuas ib puag ncig. Lawv feem ntau yog siv rau kev tsim khoom ntawm HPAPIs ntau, thiab yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb engineering thiab kev saib xyuas.

Kev txiav txim siab

Kev tsim thiab tuav ntawm HPAPIs yuav raug saib xyuas hauv ntau lub tebchaws. Cov kev cai no xav kom cov tuam txhab ua raws li cov qauv kev nyab xeeb siab tshaj plaws, yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam ib ntus, thiab xa cov lus qhia ntxaws txog kev tuav thiab pov tseg HPAPIs.

Hauv Tebchaws Meskas, Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Nyab Xeeb thiab Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv (OSHA) tau tshaj tawm cov lus qhia rau kev tuav HPAPIs, thiab US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) tau tshaj tawm cov lus qhia txog kev nyab xeeb thiab kev tswj hwm HPAPIs hauv cov khoom siv tshuaj.

Hauv Tebchaws Europe, Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Tshuaj Hauv Tebchaws Europe (EMA) cov lus qhia hais txog kev txwv kev ua haujlwm thiab kev tswj hwm pawg muab kev taw qhia rau kev tuav HPAPIs, thiab European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) tau tshaj tawm cov lus qhia txog kev sau npe, tshuaj xyuas, thiab kev tso cai ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg.

Xaus

HPAPIs yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm ntau cov tshuaj, tab sis lawv cov potency thiab toxicity ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo loj rau cov neeg ua haujlwm, ib puag ncig, thiab cov khoom zoo. Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias lawv muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab kev tuav pov hwm, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb uas cov tuam txhab siv cov cuab yeej tswj tau tsim nyog, cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm nyab xeeb, thiab kev cob qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm, thaum ua raws li cov cai tswj hwm. Kev nqis peev hauv cov kev ntsuas no yuav ua rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm nyab xeeb dua, ib puag ncig zoo dua, thiab cov khoom lag luam zoo dua.